Your thyroid may be small, but it plays a major role in keeping your body functioning at its best. January is Thyroid Awareness Month, making it the perfect time to learn how this important gland affects your overall health — and what signs might indicate something is off.
Thyroid conditions are common, affecting millions of Americans, yet many people don’t realize their symptoms are related to thyroid dysfunction. Understanding how the thyroid works and when to get checked can help you stay proactive about your health.
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. It produces hormones (T3 and T4) that regulate many essential functions, including:
Metabolism
Heart rate
Body temperature
Weight regulation
Energy levels
Mood
Hair, skin, and nail health
When the thyroid makes too little or too much hormone, it can lead to noticeable — and sometimes confusing — symptoms.
Occurs when the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones.
Symptoms may include:
Fatigue
Weight gain
Sensitivity to cold
Dry skin or hair loss
Constipation
Depression
Slowed heart rate
Occurs when the thyroid produces too much hormone.
Symptoms may include:
Unexplained weight loss
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Nervousness or anxiety
Heat intolerance
Tremors
Increased appetite
Sleep disturbances
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: An autoimmune condition and the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Graves’ disease: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid nodules: Lumps on the thyroid; usually benign but sometimes require monitoring.
Goiter: Enlargement of the thyroid gland.
A thyroid evaluation may be recommended if you have:
Unexplained weight changes
Persistent fatigue
Mood changes
Heart rhythm issues
Changes in hair, skin, or nails
Difficulty tolerating heat or cold
Family history of thyroid disease
A simple blood test (TSH, T3, T4) can help diagnose thyroid issues quickly and accurately.
Treatment depends on the condition, but may include:
Medication to regulate hormone levels
Radioactive iodine therapy (for hyperthyroidism)
Lifestyle adjustments to help manage symptoms
Monitoring nodules with imaging
Specialist referral to endocrinology if needed
With proper diagnosis and care, most thyroid conditions are highly manageable.
Because thyroid symptoms often mimic other health issues, it’s easy for them to go unnoticed. That’s why regular checkups and early evaluation are so important.
If you are experiencing symptoms or have concerns about your thyroid, the care team at Thorek Memorial Hospital is here to help assess, diagnose, and guide you toward effective treatment.
📞 Schedule an appointment today: 773-975-6775
💻 Learn more or request a visit at Thorek.org